Meningitis and encephalitis are inflammation of the brain, spinal cord, and the meninges that surround them, and symptoms include fever, headache, vomiting, decreased response, and convulsions. Causes include infectious diseases caused by microorganisms such as viruses and bacteria, autoimmune diseases in which the body's own immune system causes inflammation, and drug-induced and tumor-related diseases. Prompt medical examination, cerebrospinal fluid testing (collecting cerebrospinal fluid using a thin needle inserted into the lower back), imaging tests including those of the head, and blood tests are required. Depending on the cause, infections are treated with antibiotics or antivirals, or immune treatments such as steroids are used.

Acute encephalopathy is a condition in which functional impairment occurs due to swelling of the brain, resulting in decreased reactions and seizures, even though there is no clear evidence of vascular damage or infection in the brain. The main cause is metabolic problems not only in the brain but throughout the body, and diabetes, kidney disease, liver disease, medications, etc. are involved. We investigate the underlying metabolic abnormalities and provide treatment in collaboration with other departments.

Even with treatment, both meningitis, encephalitis, and acute encephalopathy can result in after-effects such as loss of consciousness, cognitive impairment, and motor paralysis, and patients may need to be transferred to another hospital for rehabilitation or recuperation.