Neuroimmune diseases are a group of conditions that cause symptoms when the immune system malfunctions, causing inflammation in the brain and nerve tissues and preventing them from functioning normally. There are many types, but here are some common examples:

Multiple sclerosis

Inflammation of the brain, optic nerves, and spinal cord1Symptoms occur over a period of a few days.MRIIf abnormalities are found, the patient will be admitted to hospital and blood and cerebrospinal fluid tests will be conducted, as well as tests that involve passing electricity through the nerves. During the acute phase, steroid drips will be administered. Recovery takes time, and rehabilitation plays an important role. After discharge, patients will continue to self-inject interferon and take oral medication.

Neuromyelitis optica

It is similar to multiple sclerosis and can be difficult to distinguish. Compared to multiple sclerosis, this disease is more likely to leave behind aftereffects, so in addition to steroid infusion therapy, plasma exchange may be performed in cooperation with a nephrology department. Depending on the severity, treatment may continue in cooperation with a hospital specializing in rehabilitation. To prevent recurrence, it is common to continue oral treatment with steroids and immunosuppressants.

Guillain-Barré syndrome

Guillain-Barré syndrome is1,2From the day1Over the course of a few weeks, your hands and feet may become numb and weak, and you may become unsteady and unable to walk. You may also experience double vision.MRIDiagnosis is made using tests such as nerve conduction tests. Treatment using a blood product called high-dose immunoglobulin infusion therapy is common. In severe cases, an intensive care unit may be used. Mild cases may recover quickly, but many patients are transferred to a rehabilitation hospital following acute treatment to continue treatment.

myasthenia gravis

Typical symptoms include drooping eyelids and double vision in the evening. Diagnosis is made through blood tests and tests that send electricity through the nerves. Treatment typically involves the use of steroids and immunosuppressants. In severe cases, plasma exchange and high-dose immunoglobulin infusion therapy may be performed. Depending on the patient's age and type of myasthenia gravis, thymectomy may be performed in collaboration with a thoracic surgeon in order to stabilize the condition.